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What is now modern New Hampshire has been inhabited for nearly 12,000 years, with many seasonal
migrations of Native peoples passing through the area to take advantage of the natural bounty. The
17th century brought explorers to the area, including Martin Pring in 1603 and Samuel de Champlain in
1605. A large swath of land was given to the Council for New England in 1620, and part of this was
called Maine. In 1629 land between the Piscataqua and Merrimack Rivers was named New Hampshire.
Farmers and fishermen founded Portsmouth in 1630. Portions of New Hampshire became annexed by
Massachusetts through the late 1600’s, but ultimately New Hampshire became its own separate province.
Following the French and Indian Wars, settlers arrived inland and set up lumber camps. The
settlers worked toward their independence from Great Britain, and in December of 1774, patriots gained
control of Fort William and Mary to obtain ammunition. New Hampshire then became the first of the
colonies to declare independence and create its own government. In 1788, New Hampshire became the
ninth state. The state’s northern border with Canada was established in 1842 following the
Webster-Ashburton Treaty.
During the 19th century, New Hampshire supported the Northern cause in the American Civil War and
offered troops to the Union. The postwar period brought about industry and manufacturing, in addition
to over-foresting. The Great Depression brought significant hardship to the state, leading to economic
diversification over time. The state’s economy is affected by its proximity to Boston, and any
fluctuations that region experiences. In the 21st century, New Hampshire enjoys a burgeoning economy,
particularly in tourism and the life science industry.
Many famous residents have called New Hampshire their home. Among these are author John Irving,
astronaut Alan Shepherd, sculptor Daniel Chester French, poet Robert Frost, journalist Horace Greeley,
U.S. president Franklin Pierce, statesman Daniel Webster, religious leader Mary Baker Eddy, and
Revolutionary War general John Stark, among others.
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